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Calculate percent increase and percent decrease

Percent increase and percent decrease describe the change in a quantity relative to its original amount: changeoriginal×100%\frac{\text{change}}{\text{original}}\times100\%. The original value is the comparison base, so an increase by r%r\% multiplies it by 1+r1+r, while a decrease by r%r\% multiplies it by 1r1-r; this distinguishes percent change from percentage-point change and supports proportional reasoning in prices, discounts, tax, and other financial contexts. The scope is limited to single changes with familiar whole-number or decimal quantities, not successive, compound, or reverse-percent situations.

Detailed Explanation: Calculate percent increase and percent decrease

To find a percent increase or decrease:

  1. Find the change:
change=new amountoriginal amount \text{change}=\text{new amount}-\text{original amount}
  1. Divide the change by the original amount.
  2. Multiply by (100%)(100\%).

The original amount is always the comparison base.

Example: A backpack’s price increases from 40toto$46$. What is the percent increase?

Step 1: Find the change.

4640=646-40=6

The price increased by 6$.

Step 2: Compare the change with the original price.

640\frac{6}{40}

Step 3: Convert to a percent.

640×100%=15%\frac{6}{40}\times 100\%=15\%

The price increased by (15%)(15\%).

For a decrease, use the same steps: find how much the amount went down, divide by the original amount, and multiply by (100%)(100\%). An increase of (r%)(r\%) multiplies the original by (1+r)(1+r), while a decrease of (r%)(r\%) multiplies it by (1r)(1-r), using rr as a decimal.

Learn by doing: Calculate percent increase and percent decrease

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Percent growth of a number (5% multiples)


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