Division of positive fractions, whole numbers, and mixed numbers is understood as finding the factor that, when multiplied by the divisor, produces the dividend; therefore, dividing by a nonzero fraction is equivalent to multiplying by its reciprocal. The reciprocal applies to the divisor, not the dividend, and bar models or number lines can represent the quotient as the number of fractional groups; signed rational numbers and more abstract algebraic generalizations are not included.
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To divide by a fraction, multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor. The reciprocal is found by switching the numerator and denominator.
For example:
Identify the divisor:
The divisor is because it is the number you are dividing by.
Find its reciprocal:
The reciprocal of is .
Keep the dividend, change division to multiplication, and use the reciprocal of the divisor:
Therefore,
Remember: Keep the first fraction, change division to multiplication, and flip only the second fraction.
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