A fraction is in lowest terms when its numerator and denominator have no common factor greater than 1; equivalent fractions preserve the same value because the numerator and denominator are divided by the same common factor, preferably their greatest common factor. The understanding applies to positive fractions, including improper fractions, and avoids the misconception that simplifying means changing only one part; it supports comparing, adding, subtracting, and interpreting fractions in later proportional and algebraic reasoning, but does not include simplifying algebraic or rational expressions.
To simplify a fraction to lowest terms, divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor (GCF). You must divide both parts by the same number so the fraction keeps the same value.
Example: Simplify .
So, is the fraction in lowest terms because and have no common factor greater than .
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