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Interpret a rate as a comparison of quantities

A rate is a multiplicative comparison of two quantities, typically expressed as a quotient with unlike units, such as miles per hour, dollars per item, or liters per minute; its units specify which quantity is compared to one unit of the other. The understanding includes interpreting equivalent rates in words, tables, graphs, and equations, distinguishing a rate from an additive difference, and using rates to support proportional reasoning and the interpretation of slope. Instantaneous rates, limits, and formal calculus-based rate-of-change analysis are not included.

Detailed Explanation: Interpret a rate as a comparison of quantities

A rate compares two quantities by division. The units tell you how the quantities are being compared.

For example, suppose a cyclist travels (42)(42) miles in 33 hours. What is the cyclist’s rate?

Step 1: Identify the two quantities.

  • Distance: (42)(42) miles
  • Time: 33 hours

Step 2: Divide the distance by the time.

Rate=distancetime=42 miles3 hours=14 miles per hour\text{Rate}=\frac{\text{distance}}{\text{time}} =\frac{42\text{ miles}}{3\text{ hours}} =14\text{ miles per hour}

Step 3: Interpret the units.

The rate (14)(14) miles per hour means the cyclist travels 14 miles for every 1 hour.

This is a multiplicative comparison: for each hour, multiply 11 hour by (14)(14) miles per hour to get (14)(14) miles.

It is not an additive difference. Subtracting (42−3)(42-3) would compare unlike quantities in a way that does not describe the cyclist’s travel. Dividing gives a meaningful rate with units: (14)(14) miles per hour.

Learn by doing: Interpret a rate as a comparison of quantities

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Ratios - Unit Rates, Solve for Rate


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