Students write, simplify, generate, and compare ratios in colon, word, and fraction forms using positive whole-number and rational quantities, preserving the order and multiplicative relationship. They interpret rates and calculate and compare unit rates, including rates involving fractions and decimals, across tables, graphs, equations, and real-world contexts with appropriate units. Students recognize proportional relationships in tables, graphs, and equations, determine and interpret the constant of proportionality, solve proportions using equivalent ratios, and apply proportional reasoning to scale drawings while maintaining consistent units.