Skill: Recall multiplication facts through 10 × 10

Multiplication tells how many objects are in equal groups. The two numbers are called factors, and the answer is the product.

To find a multiplication fact:

1. Identify the number of groups.
2. Identify how many are in each group.
3. Use a fact you know, repeated addition, or a related fact.
4. Remember that switching the factors does not change the product:
   $a \times b = b \times a$.

Example: Find $7 \times 3$.

• $7 \times 3$ means 7 groups of 3.

• Think of it as repeated addition:

$$3+3+3+3+3+3+3=21$$

• So,

$$7 \times 3=21$$

You can also use the related fact $3 \times 7=21$. Switching the factors changes the arrangement of the groups, but not the total. Thus, both facts have the same product:

$$7 \times 3=3 \times 7=21$$

Practice recalling facts with factors from $0$ through $10$. For example, $0 \times 8=0$ because zero groups contain zero objects, and $10 \times 6=60$ because ten groups of six make sixty.