This understanding comprises reliable recall of products for whole-number factors from 0 through 12, interpreting each fact as equal groups or an array and recognizing equivalent facts formed by commutativity, such as 3 × 8 and 8 × 3. Relationships involving doubling and products with 0, 1, 10, and 11 connect facts and support division facts, multi-digit multiplication, and later fraction and measurement reasoning. The scope excludes factors greater than 12 and more generalized algebraic treatment.
Multiplication facts tell how many objects are in equal groups. To recall a fact, use a fact you already know and break the problem into easier parts.
Example: Find .
Think of as equal groups of :
Use a fact you know. Break into :
Recall each smaller fact:
Add the products:
So,
You can also remember that the order of the factors does not change the product:
Practice saying the fact aloud: “Seven times eight equals fifty-six.”
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