Students calculate discounts, markups, sales taxes, tips, percent increases, and percent decreases using appropriate original amounts, decimal multipliers, sequential changes, and accurate money rounding. They determine gross earnings and pay from hourly wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, and straightforward overtime, interpret payroll deductions, and calculate net income from fixed-dollar and percentage deductions. They create and analyze personal budgets by classifying expenses, calculating totals and savings, comparing financial options using rates and fees, and applying simple interest $I=Prt$ to interpret principal, rate, time, interest, and total amount.