The learner represents a collection of equal-sized groups by an addition expression with the same addend repeated once for each group, such as for three groups of three, and connects the expression to the total quantity. This understanding distinguishes equal groups from unequal groups and establishes the foundation for multiplication, without requiring multiplication notation, factors, or larger-number generalizations.
Equal groups have the same number of things in each group.
Example: There are 3 baskets. Each basket has 4 apples.
Count the groups: there are 3 baskets.
Count the things in one group: each basket has 4 apples.
Write 4 once for each basket:
Add to find the total:
There are 12 apples altogether.
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