Probability comparison involves determining whether events are impossible, less likely, equally likely, more likely, or certain by relating favorable outcomes to the total number of equally likely outcomes in simple finite situations. Learners represent and compare these chances with simple fractions or benchmarks such as 0, 1/2, and 1, recognizing that the number of favorable outcomes alone is insufficient when sample spaces differ; conditional probability, expected value, and more advanced compound-event analysis are not included.
To compare chances, use:
The favorable outcomes are the results you want. Compare the fractions, not just the numbers of favorable outcomes.
Example:
Spinner A has 2 red sections out of 4 equal sections. Spinner B has 3 red sections out of 8 equal sections. Which spinner gives a greater chance of landing on red?
Step 1: Write each probability.
For Spinner A:
For Spinner B:
Step 2: Compare the fractions.
Change to eighths:
Now compare:
Step 3: State the answer.
Spinner A has the greater chance of landing on red.
Even though Spinner B has more red sections, its spinner has more sections overall. That is why we must compare the favorable outcomes with the total number of outcomes.
A probability of means an event is impossible, means it is equally likely to happen or not happen, and means it is certain.
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