Students identify, describe, generate, extend, and analyze repeating, growing, and numerical patterns involving whole-number rules such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing by a fixed number, using sequences, diagrams, number lines, and tables to find missing or later terms and infer features such as increase, repetition, alternation, or oddness and evenness. They complete and interpret input-output tables, determine and verify consistent one- or two-step rules, and evaluate whole-number expressions with addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and parentheses while finding missing values in equivalent expressions. They represent equality as a balance and use symbols to solve one-step whole-number equations and simple one- or two-step word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, checking solutions with inverse operations and substitution.