Measure and compare length, mass, and capacity using appropriate customary and metric units, read rulers and scales, and convert within systems, including inches, feet, yards, miles; millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers; grams and kilograms; and liters and milliliters. Convert and interpret time in seconds, minutes, hours, days, and weeks, read analog and digital clocks to the minute, measure angles with a protractor to the nearest degree, and recognize benchmark angles of 90°, 180°, and 360°. Find and compare the area of rectangles and composite rectangles, determine missing dimensions from area, find polygon perimeters, distinguish area from perimeter, and solve measurement problems involving whole-number and familiar mixed-unit quantities through addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and elapsed-time reasoning.