Calculate gross and net income from wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, and fixed or percentage deductions, and create personal budgets by organizing income, fixed and variable expenses, savings, and discretionary spending across weekly, monthly, or annual periods. Calculate and interpret single percent increases and decreases, simple interest using $I=Prt$, and compound interest using $A=P(1+r)^n$ for whole-number periods, distinguishing simple from exponential growth and excluding successive changes, fractional periods, and advanced tax or investment models. Compare borrowing, saving, purchasing, and basic investment options by evaluating rates, fees, compounding periods, payment schedules, total costs, net gains, cost per unit, and effective rates using proportional reasoning, tables, graphs, and formulas.