Students calculate the surface areas of right prisms, closed cylinders, regular pyramids, and right circular cones using $SA=2B+Ph$, $SA=2\pi r^2+2\pi rh$, $SA=B+\tfrac12Pl$, and $SA=\pi r(r+\ell)$, distinguishing base, lateral, slant, and perpendicular heights and reporting square units. Students calculate volumes of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones using $V=Bh$ and $V=\tfrac13Bh$, including $V=\pi r^2h$ and $V=\tfrac13\pi r^2h$, and determine how a scale factor $k$ changes lengths, areas, and volumes by $k$, $k^2$, and $k^3$, respectively. Students solve problems involving composite solids by decomposing figures into familiar solids, combining volumes and exposed surface areas while excluding shared internal faces, using consistent units and exact or appropriately rounded results.