Students add, subtract, multiply, and evaluate one-variable polynomial functions with numerical coefficients, classify them by degree from 0 through 5, and identify their standard-form leading coefficients. They factor polynomial expressions completely over the specified number system and use factored form and the zero-product property to solve polynomial equations, determine real zeros and x-intercepts, and recognize repeated zeros and their multiplicities. Students predict end behavior from degree and leading coefficient and sketch polynomial graphs by combining end behavior with zeros and multiplicity-based crossing or touching behavior.