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Interpret data sets

A data set is understood as a collection of numerical or categorical observations, represented in tables, scaled bar graphs, picture graphs, and line plots to show values and frequencies. Interpretation includes using labels, units, intervals, and scales correctly to determine individual values, totals, differences, comparisons, and simple conclusions; line plots may represent measurements in halves, fourths, or eighths. This work does not include calculating averages, measures of variability, or making formal statistical inferences beyond the displayed data.

Detailed Explanation: Interpret data sets

To interpret a data set, carefully read:

  1. The labels — What do the categories or numbers represent?
  2. The scale or key — How much does each mark, picture, or interval stand for?
  3. The values — Find the amount for each category.
  4. The question — Use the values to compare, add, or find a difference.

Example

A picture graph shows students’ favorite fruits.

Each 🍎 represents 2 students.

FruitPictures
Apples🍎🍎🍎🍎
Bananas🍎🍎🍎
Oranges🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎

Question 1: How many students chose oranges?

There are 5 pictures. Since each picture represents 2 students:

5×2=105 \times 2 = 10

So, 10 students chose oranges.

Question 2: How many students chose apples or bananas altogether?

Apples represent:

4×2=84 \times 2 = 8

Bananas represent:

3×2=63 \times 2 = 6

Add the two amounts:

8+6=148 + 6 = 14

So, 14 students chose apples or bananas.

Question 3: How many more students chose oranges than bananas?

Oranges: 1010 students
Bananas: 66 students

Find the difference:

10−6=410 - 6 = 4

So, 4 more students chose oranges than bananas.

Always use the graph’s key or scale before counting the pictures.

Learn by doing: Interpret data sets

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    Graphing - Tally Chart - Difference of Two

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