The learner understands that fractions with a common denominator represent quantities partitioned into equal-sized parts, so their numerators can be combined while the denominator remains unchanged: . This includes sums that are less than, equal to, or greater than one, with results simplified or expressed as mixed numbers when appropriate; adding denominators or applying this rule to unlike denominators is not included.
When fractions have the same denominator, they are made of equal-sized parts. Add the numerators and keep the denominator unchanged.
Example:
Since is greater than one whole, write it as a mixed number. Eight eighths make one whole, with eighths left:
Therefore,
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