Students distinguish statistical questions, collect categorical and numerical data consistently, and organize observations in tables or frequency tables. They choose, create, and interpret bar graphs, dot plots, line plots, line graphs, histograms, circle graphs, and informal box plots, using accurate scales to identify frequencies, trends, clusters, gaps, center, and spread. They calculate and apply mean, median, mode, range, interquartile range, and informal mean absolute deviation to compare distributions and support descriptive conclusions while considering variability, outliers, misleading displays, and sample representativeness.