Determine theoretical probabilities for simple events in finite, equally likely sample spaces, including cards, colored objects, fair dice, and spinners, by listing outcomes with organized lists, tables, or tree diagrams and expressing probabilities as fractions, decimals, or percentages from 0 to 1. Find complementary probabilities, compare likelihoods, identify fair and unfair games, and use probability to make decisions or predict frequencies through multiplication by the number of trials. Conduct experiments and simulations to calculate relative frequencies, explain short-run variation and increasing stability with more trials, compare experimental and theoretical probabilities, and solve simple compound-event problems without conditional probability or advanced probability models.