Students plot and identify points in all four quadrants and on the axes using ordered pairs, and determine horizontal or vertical distances by comparing the relevant coordinates. Students translate figures using integer-coordinate shifts, reflect them across the coordinate axes, and rotate them about the origin by $90^\circ$, $180^\circ$, or $270^\circ$, applying coordinate rules to locate images. Students perform ordered sequences of these transformations, recognize that changing the order can change the image, and identify congruent figures by matching corresponding vertices, side lengths, and angle measures.