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Identify dependent and independent variables

An independent variable is the input or quantity whose value is chosen or changed, while a dependent variable is the output whose value is determined by its relationship to that input. In tables, coordinate graphs, and simple equations such as y=3x+2y=3x+2, the variables are identified by how they relate, not merely by their letters; this distinction supports interpreting patterns and writing equations. Formal experimental design and relationships involving multiple changing variables are beyond this scope.

Detailed Explanation: Identify dependent and independent variables

To identify the variables:

  • The independent variable is the input—the value that is chosen or changed.
  • The dependent variable is the output—the value that depends on the input.

Example

The total cost of a taxi ride is represented by

c=3m+2c=3m+2

where mm is the number of miles traveled and cc is the total cost in dollars.

Step 1: Find the input.
The number of miles, mm, can change depending on how far someone rides. So mm is the independent variable.

Step 2: Find the output.
The total cost, cc, changes when the number of miles changes. So cc is the dependent variable.

Step 3: Check the relationship.
If the taxi travels 44 miles, substitute 44 for mm:

c=3(4)+2=12+2=14c=3(4)+2=12+2=14

The cost is 14$. The cost depends on the number of miles.

Answer:

  • Independent variable: mm, the number of miles
  • Dependent variable: cc, the total cost

Remember: Do not choose based only on the variable’s letter. Ask, “Which quantity is the input, and which quantity depends on it?”

Learn by doing: Identify dependent and independent variables

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Graphing - Scatter Plot (Linear) - Trend to Independent Variable


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