Students identify, describe, generate, and extend growing and repeating patterns using whole numbers, visual representations, sequences, tables, and simple addition, subtraction, or multiplication rules. They determine and apply one-step input-output rules, complete missing entries, and recognize relationships in addition and multiplication tables, including sums and products within 100 and exact whole-number division relationships. Students understand the equals sign as expressing equivalent quantities, use symbols for unknowns, balance and solve one-step addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division equations, and write equations for one- and two-step whole-number word problems, with addition and subtraction quantities within 1,000.